OUR CHARMING HICKORY TREES By Jeff Cantrell

Mockernut Hickory Tree

Naturalist by Numbers October topic:  Ozark Hickory Trees

Chert Glades Missouri Master Naturalists we have seven species of hickory trees to learn, love and appreciate in our region.  While we appreciate a hickory smoked chili relleno or fajita meat… there is so much more to the benefits of our Ozark hickories.  We might scope out those porch lights for some underwings, Luna moths and Regal moths who all depend on our hickories.  The Hickory Horned Devil is a rock star in the student’s scope of entomology and I have found them easy to rear for school program purposes. 

I believe we all know the hickory trees are part of our native forest, but perhaps fewer people recognize the tree species individually.  We might have heard of descriptions as “tough as a hickory”, and General Andrew Jackson was coined “Old Hickory” from his men’s admiration during the War of 1812. 

I consider the hickory trees tough because when we refer to succession they would be considered a “pushing species”.  They may sprout under much competition and shade on the forest floor and grow slowly at initial start.  They will often however succeed slowly over the rival seedlings and reach for the canopy.  Many hickory species can grow quite fast once they are released and free to grow in a canopy opening.

Other naturalists might label them tough, referring to their sinewy young branches and see the tree as a symbol of strength.   It was just a generation or two ago when hickory handles supported a craftsman’s tools and were the choice handles of many farming implements.  Pioneers forged homemade hammers with a shock-resistant hickory handle. Wooden hickory wheels were rolling beneath those westward bound Conestoga Wagons with the same shock-absorbing trait.  Early professional baseball bats were legendary for their ash wood make-up; however a good number of neighborhood and school home runs are credited to a reliable hickory baseball bat.

Mockernut Hickory Nuts

Appealing to our culinary diversions, several hickory trees have appetizing nut meats.  I grew up with a mockernut hickory in the backyard and the meats were tasty and moist.  Though, I think it is close to impossible to crack them and obtain whole nuts.  My cracking chores always resulted in small pieces.  Many Native American groups pounded hickory nuts to a meal or extracted the milk from the nut meat and added the sweet ingredient to hominy and corn cakes.  It has been described as rich as fresh cream. Other edible sweet hickory nuts include shagbark, shellbark, black hickory and the well-known pecan.   The pignut hickory can be sweet or bitter, so it is a gamble for our taste buds, but Ozark free-ranging hogs loved them thus the charming namesake pignut. The feral pigs shared their fondness with many species of wildlife.  The varieties of hickory nuts are essential in the diet of black bear, deer, chipmunks, beaver, squirrels, white-footed mice and wild turkeys. 

The value of the hickory goes far beyond consumptive uses by humans and wildlife.  They have a tremendous aesthetic value.  Many species are very tall and have a narrow crown.  Hickory trees like the pecan, mockernut and bitternut hickory can have a round or spreading crown if growing in open spaces.  They can be very stately landscaping trees for the backyard and their fall color will not disappoint.  Yellow is the signature fall foliage hue and it can vary from “Shagbark Golden” to my favorite “Mockernut Bright”.

Fall Walk Along Bee Creek with Jeff Cantrell

This autumn the native oaks and hickories will impress us with their winning colors.  If you get the opportunity, join in as many walks as you can; take notice of the hickory species.  They have a charm all their own. 

Jeff Cantrell is an education consultant with MDC and technical adviser for MPF.  He is also a member and mentor for the Chert Glades Chapter of Missouri Master Naturalists.  Our chapter participates in a monthly nature scavenger hunt, Naturalist by Numbers, with topics of interest presented by Jeff to get us outside, observing nature and learning about natural events.

YOU CAN HELP excerpt from Missouri State Parks

Family fishing at Roaring River State Park

You Can Help

The successful renewal of the Missouri Parks, Soils and Water Sales Tax is critical to the funding of the parks, soil and water conservation programs it supports. It will be on the November 8, 2016, ballot as Constitutional Amendment #1, and we need your help!

Why does it matter?
Missouri’s parks, soils and clean water are important to our quality of life, our health and our economy. More than 19 million people visit our state parks and historic sites annually, providing more than $1 billion a year in economic impact and supporting 14,000 jobs.

What does it do?
The sales tax works to maintain our state park system and keep it free, to maintain and improve our water quality and to combat soil erosion.

How does it work?
Constitutional Amendment #1 is a smart investment. It simply renews an existing program that has successfully protected our parks, soils and water for more than 30 years — with no increase in taxes.

So, how can you help?

Get involved and help support the renewal of the Parks, Soils and Water Sales Tax on November 8! We welcome you to join us in educating Missourians on the importance of renewing the Missouri Parks, Soils and Water Sales Tax.

Perhaps, one of the easiest ways is to follow Missouri Parks, Soils and Water Sales Tax Renewal on Facebook or Twitter and help us spread the word on social media. Share the information and videos you find on this website with your friends and family.

If you’d like to be actively involved or have a special opportunity to share the story of Missouri’s state parks, soils and water conservation efforts, there is atoolkit available that includes brochures, posters, stickers and a PowerPoint presentation for meetings. Yard signs are coming soon! Please complete and submit the form below with your requests or questions, and a Committee representative will contact you soon!  

Note:  the toolkit and form are available at this website:

https://soilwaterparks.com/you-can-help/

MILKWEED VISITOR By Tamra Sunby

This eye-catching beetle shown here on Swamp Milkweed (asclepias incarnata) is the Swamp Milkweed Leaf-beetle (labidomera clivicollis). 

It is aposematically colored, which means it is a species that advertise their distastefulness by being brightly colored. 

This species displays the orange and black mimicry complex which includes the Monarch Butterflies. They feed on the leaves, stems, flowers and pollen of milkweed including Swamp and Common milkweed.

Tamra Sunby recently retired from the Monett School District as the Agriculture Instructor and FFA Advisor for twenty seven years. She joined the Chert Glades Chapter this year and attributes her interest in the Missouri Master Naturalist program to encouragement from Jeff Cantrell who has been an inspiration to her. 

POLLINATORS ARE IMPORTANT By Billie Mullins

This week is National Pollinators Week.  In 2007 the US Dept. of Agriculture and the US Dept. of the Interior set aside this week to celebrate pollinators and spread the word about what each of us can do to protect them.  

Pollinators are a vital part of a healthy environment.  They convey pollen to fertilize flowers that produce fruit and seed.  Bees are the main pollinators and the US has 4000 species of native bees.  Native bees are ground or wood nesters, they are solitary, most do not sting and their average foraging distance is 50 feet to one-half mile.  The most common bird that acts as a pollinator is the hummingbird.  Other pollinators are bats, butterflies, moths, wasps, beetles, flies and ants.

More than 80 percent of the world's plants need pollinators.  75 percent of the world's flowering plants and 35 percent of the world's food crops depend on pollinators.  The US grows more than 100 crops that need or benefit from pollinators.   Some food items that we would not have if we lost our pollinators are apples, blueberries, strawberries, almonds, melons, peaches, pumpkins, tomatoes and citrus fruit.

There are two things each of us can do to help protect pollinators.  First, reduce or eliminate the use of pesticides, and second, plant a variety of native plants with different bloom colors and shapes that flower at different times throughout the growing season. 

A simple recipe for a pesticide substitute is a teaspoon of liquid dish soap in a gallon of water.  Spray as needed on both sides of leaves to control aphids, spider mites and white flies.

Plants that provide pollen or nectar (or both) that bloom early in the Spring when food is scarce are especially helpful.  Some examples of pollinator friendly shrubs and trees are dogwood, blueberry, cherry, plum, willow, oak, buttonbush, spicebush, serviceberry and New Jersey tea. Examples of native forbs are aster, beardtongue, bergamot, blazing star, cardinal flower, prairie clovers, compass plant, coneflowers, coreopsis, goat's rue, goldenrod, Indian paintbrush, indigo, leadplant, milkweed, mountain mint, poppy mallow, rosinweed, spiderwort, and sunflowers.

Planting host plants (food for the larva of pollinators) is also important to assure that pollinators successfully reproduce. Here are some examples of host plants for butterflies and moths.

·         Common buckeye - blue toadflax

·         Great spangled fritillary - violets

·         Monarch - milkweeds and butterfly weeds

·         Painted lady - pearly everlasting and sweet everlasting

·         Red-spotted purple - cherries and willows

·         Spicebush swallowtail - sassafras and spicebush

·         Tiger swallowtail - basswood, birches, black cherry, tulip poplar and willows

·         Zebra swallowtail - pawpaw

·         Luna moth - alders, American beech, birches, hickories, maples, oaks, persimmon, sweetgum and willows

Pollinator Week has grown into an international celebration of the valuable ecosystem services provided by bees, birds, butterflies, bats and beetles.  Wouldn't it be great if wildflowers lined all roadways and our vegetable gardens and agriculture fields had a border of native wildflowers?

We can all be a friend to pollinators.